80亿人口，一个人类

世界人口将在11月中旬达到80亿——这是营养、公共卫生和环境卫生领域取得突破和改善的证明。但是，人类大家庭在日益壮大的同时，也在逐渐走向分裂。

The world’s population will reach 8 billion in the middle of November – a testament to scientific breakthroughs and improvements in nutrition, public health and sanitation. But as our human family grows larger, it is also growing more divided.

数十亿人生活困苦；数亿人正面临饥饿甚至饥荒。为寻求机会以及从债务和苦难、战争和气候灾害中获得解脱而迁移的人数达到新高。

Billions of people are struggling; hundreds of millions are facing hunger and even famine. Record numbers are on the move seeking opportunities and relief from debt and hardship, wars and climate disasters.

如果我们不能弥合全球富有者和贫困者之间的巨大鸿沟，这个人口总数达到80亿的世界将充满紧张和不信任、危机和冲突。

Unless we bridge the yawning chasm between the global haves and have-nots, we are setting ourselves up for an 8-billion-strong world filled with tensions and mistrust, crisis and conflict.

©Unsplash| 2022年世界人口达80亿

事实能够说明一切。少数几名亿万富翁控制的财富量相当于处于世界财富底层的一半人口所控制的财富总和。全球财富最多的1%人群获得了世界收入总量的五分之一，而在最富裕国家，民众的预期寿命几乎比最贫困国家民众的预期寿命长30年。近几十年来，随着世界各地的富裕和健康水平不断提升，这些不平等问题也越来越严重。

The facts speak for themselves. A handful of billionaires control as much wealth as the poorest half of the world. The top one percent globally pocket one fifth of the world’s income, while people in the richest countries can expect to live up to 30 years longer than those in the poorest. As the world has grown richer and healthier in recent decades, these inequalities have grown too.

除了这些长期趋势之外，气候危机的不断加速以及COVID-19疫后恢复情况的不均衡也在进一步加剧不平等。我们正径直走向气候灾难，而排放量和气温却在继续上升。洪水、风暴和干旱在那些对导致全球变热几乎没有起到任何作用的国家造成巨大破坏。

On top of these long-term trends, the accelerating climate crisis and the unequal recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic are turbocharging inequalities. We are heading straight for climate catastrophe, while emissions and temperatures continue to rise. Floods, storms and droughts are devastating countries that contributed almost nothing to global heating. 

©儿基会| 乍得遭遇了30多年来最严重的季节性降雨，恩贾梅纳的沙里河和洛贡河泛滥成灾

乌克兰战争使当前的粮食、能源和金融危机雪上加霜，对发展中经济体的打击最大。这些不平等现象对妇女和女童以及已经遭受歧视的边缘群体造成最严重的伤害。

The war in Ukraine is adding to ongoing food, energy and finance crises, hitting developing economies hardest. These inequalities take their greatest toll on women and girls, and on marginalized groups that already suffer discrimination.

全球南方的许多国家面临巨额债务、日益严峻的贫困和饥饿问题以及气候危机造成的越来越大的冲击。这些国家几乎没有机会投资于可持续的疫后恢复、向可再生能源的转型或适应数字时代的教育和培训。

Many countries in the Global South face huge debts, increasing poverty and hunger, and the growing impacts of the climate crisis. They have little chance of investing in a sustainable recovery from the pandemic, the transition to renewable energy, or education and training for the digital age.

对发达国家的愤怒和怨恨接近爆发点。

Anger and resentment against developed countries are reaching breaking points. 

©儿基会| 乌克兰切尔尼戈夫郊区诺沃肖利夫卡，被冲突摧毁的房屋

由于这种有害的分歧和缺乏信任的局面，在核裁军、反恐、全球卫生等一系列问题上出现拖延和僵局。我们必须遏制这些破坏性的趋势，修复关系，为我们的共同挑战找到联合解决办法。

Toxic divisions and lack of trust are causing delays and deadlock on a host of issues, from nuclear disarmament to terrorism to global health. We must curb these damaging trends, repair relationships and find joint solutions to our common challenges.   

第一步是承认这种失控的不平等现象是人为选择造成的，而且发达国家有责任彻底改变这种情况——本月在埃及举行的联合国气候会议和在巴厘岛举行的二十国集团峰会就是起点。

The first step is acknowledging that this runaway inequality is a choice, and one that developed countries have the responsibility to reverse – starting this month at the UN climate conference in Egypt and the G20 summit in Bali.

我希望在《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议第二十七届会议上达成一项具有历史意义的气候团结协议，根据这项协议，发达经济体和新兴经济体能够围绕一项共同的战略团结一心，联合其能力和资源以造福人类。富裕国家必须向主要新兴经济体提供财政和技术支持，帮助其摆脱化石燃料。这是我们实现气候目标的唯一希望。

I hope COP27 will see a historic Climate Solidarity Pact under which developed and emerging economies unite around a common strategy and combine their capacities and resources for the benefit of humankind. Wealthier countries must provide key emerging economies with financial and technical support to transition away from fossil fuels. That is our only hope of meeting our climate goals.  

©联合国| 《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议第二十七届会议在埃及展开

我还敦促各国领导人在缔约方会议第二十七届会议上商定一个路线图和制度框架，为全球南方国家遭受的气候相关损失和破坏提供补偿，这些损失和破坏已经造成巨大的痛苦。

I also urge leaders at COP27 to agree on a roadmap and institutional framework to compensate countries in the Global South for climate-related loss and damage that is already causing enormous suffering.

在巴厘岛举行的二十国集团峰会将为解决发展中国家的困境提供契机。我已经敦促二十国集团经济体实行一揽子刺激计划，为全球南方国家政府提供投资和流动性，并处理债务减免和债务重组问题。

The G20 summit in Bali will be an opportunity to address the plight of developing countries. I have urged G20 economies to adopt a stimulus package that will provide governments of the Global South with investments and liquidity, and address debt relief and restructuring. 

©G20峰会| 20国集团轮值主席国印度尼西亚制定了关于为结核病防治筹资的行动呼吁

在我们推动就这些中期措施采取行动的同时，我们正与所有利益攸关方合作，为缓解全球粮食危机而不懈努力。

As we push for action on these medium-term measures, we are working non-stop with all stakeholders to ease the global food crisis.

黑海谷物倡议是这些努力的重要组成部分。该倡议帮助稳定了市场，降低了粮食价格。粮食价格即使降低不到百分之一，也有可能缓解饥饿，拯救生命。

The Black Sea Grain Initiative is an essential part of those efforts. It has helped to stabilize markets and bring food prices down. Every fraction of a percent has the potential to ease hunger and save lives.

我们还在努力确保俄罗斯化肥能够流入全球市场，这些市场已受到战争的严重破坏。化肥价格接近疫情之前的三倍。大米是世界上消费最广泛的主食，也是受影响最大的作物。消除俄罗斯化肥出口的剩余障碍，是实现全球粮食安全的一个重要步骤。

We are also working to ensure Russian fertilizers can flow into global markets, which have been severely disrupted by the war. Fertilizer prices are up to three times higher than before the pandemic. Rice, the most widely consumed staple in the world, is the crop that will suffer most. Removing the remaining obstacles to the exports of Russian fertilizers is an essential step towards global food security.  

©联合国| 秘书长古特雷斯在乌克兰敖德萨观看“库布罗斯利号”船装载谷物

但在各种严峻挑战之中，也有一些好消息。

But among all these serious challenges, there is some good news.

在这个人口总数达到80亿的世界中，那些人口增长最快、最贫困的国家可以得到巨大的机会。

Our eight-billion-strong world could yield enormous opportunities for some of the poorest countries, where population growth is highest.

在医疗保健、教育、性别平等和可持续经济发展方面进行相对较小的投资，就可以建立发展和增长的良性循环，从而变革经济和生活。

Relatively small investments in healthcare, education, gender equality and sustainable economic development could create a virtuous circle of development and growth, transforming economies and lives.

今后几十年，目前最贫困的国家有可能成为带动整个区域实现可持续、绿色增长和繁荣的引擎。

Within a few decades, today’s poorest countries could become engines of sustainable, green growth and prosperity across entire regions.

©儿基会| 太平洋岛国瓦努阿图的农业社区正在适应日益干旱的气候

我从不怀疑人类的聪明才智，我对人类的团结互助充满信心。在这艰难时刻，我们应当铭记人类最睿智的观察家之一圣雄甘地的话：“世界上的东西足以满足每个人的需要——但不足以满足每个人的贪欲。”

I never bet against human ingenuity, and I have enormous faith in human solidarity. In these difficult times, we would do well to remember the words of one of humanity’s wisest observers, Mahatma Gandhi: “The world has enough for everyone's need – but not everyone's greed.”

必须抓住本月举行的大型全球会议提供的契机，在由80亿人组成的人类大家庭中每一个成员都享有平等权利和自由的基础上，开始弥合分歧，恢复信任。

This month’s big global meetups must be an opportunity to start bridging divides and restoring trust, based on the equal rights and freedoms of every single member of humanity’s eight-billion-strong family. 

————安东尼奥.古特雷斯